Project
activity |
Potential
impact / issue |
Mitigation
measures |
Mitigation,
Monitoring and Supervision Responsibility |
1.1
Sero-Surveillance and epidemiological investigation |
a.
Collection of samples specimens from backyard poultry,
organized poultry farm and sentinel birds ( samples
or specimen would include blood – serum samples
as well as tracheal and cloacal swabs) |
Sampling
team at risk of exposure to infection |
|
In
normal case, wear generally prescribed safety items
such as mask, globe and other. Sampling from the area
identified as high AI risk, use SOP prescribed procedures
and measures.
Train staff.
DLSO supervise and ensure that safety procedure fully
followed.
Animal
Health Directorate checks randomly the availability
of safety gear and use of safety procedures during sampling
(once every six month).
|
|
Increased
load / samples at laboratories and increased amount
of laboratory wastes generation lead to increased risk
of pollution and infections |
Appropriate
laboratory waste management practices (see 1.3 also) |
Concerned
laboratory authority ensures that proper waste system
is in-place and waste is managed properly.
Animal
Health directorate checks every six month waste management
practices in all laboratories.
|
-
haphazard disposal of syringe/ needle / swap etc |
Pollution
and cross-contamination |
Disinfect
and burn these items in appropriate chamber or bury
in a pit. |
DLSO
supervise and ensure implementation of the mitigation.
Animal
Health Directorate monitors the practices randomly (once
every six month).
|
-
Chemical disinfection of certain sampling items such
as globes. |
Chemical
pollution and human exposure to chemicals- intoxication
and burn. |
Use
only the safe/ prescribed chemical in prescribed amount
only by trained person. |
-
do- |
-Setting
up sentinel outposts and exposing sentinel birds to
migratory birds’ feces etc. |
Disturbance
to migratory birds and their habitat |
Proper
selection of sentinel outpost location e.g. away from
nesting place, downstream of drainage line, and at place
approved by bird |
Sentinel
outpost team under supervision of DLSO to ensure implementation
mitigations. |
|
|
expert
and wildlife authority. Also use GIS-based GPS-enabled
information to identify appropriate site. |
Monitoring
jointly by Regional Directorate, wildlife office and
wild-bird expert (before final selection of site and
six-monthly to check any disturbance to wild-bird/ habitat) |
|
Risk
of disease transmission from sentinel bird to wild bird,
or vice versa. |
Use
only healthy, disease free bird as sentinel bird
Sentinel
bird not allowed coming in contact with domestic birds.
SOP
to be applied to AI infected sentinel bird(s) in same
way as infected domestic bird.
|
-do- |
-
Transportation of infected samples |
Risk
of virus spreading and exposure of personnel |
Collection
transport in closed containers that do not leak or release
air emissions
Only
use trained and certified personnel that have access
to and use the recommended protective gear
Only
use personnel that have been vaccinated.
|
Sampling
team under supervision of DLSO implements mitigations
Regional
Directorate checks/ monitors / verifies availability
of containers and protective gear. Randomly checks proper
use of these. District Health Office monitors health
status/ record of the personnel involved. (six monthly)
|
b.
Participatory disease intelligence - Using Animal Health
Workers and farmers as communication channel for disease
intelligence |
Disease
spreading risk while transporting live or dead bird
samples to LSDC or designated place by VAHW/ farmer.
|
Training
not only on reporting bird mortality and sickness, but
also on safety procedure to be followed if they bring
bird samples. |
VHW
supervise farmers.
DLSO
checks/ monitors regularly
|
c.
Capacity building of veterinary and wildlife professionals
for surveillance and bio-safety: two-day training workshops
on sero-sampling, PPE, andprevention, control and containment
of HPAI. |
No
negative environmental impacts. This will also increase
the capacity of the veterinary and wildlife professionals
in managing environmental impacts and concerns. |
Training
also to include relevant environmental management measures
recommended in this EMP. |
Directorate
of Livestock Services and Communication ensure inclusion
of environmental safeguards in training course.
Animal
Health Directorate checks the course before training
is organized and visits random samples of training events.
|
d.
Development of GIS-based animal disease surveillance
and information system - Activity include establishment
of GIS-based, GPS-enabled network with nodes in laboratories,
animal quarantine, the DoNPWC, as well training and
running the system. |
No
adverse environmental impacts. |
Utilise
GIS-based information for environmental management also,
(such as for identifying proper location for sentinel
outposts). |
GIS-team
includes environmental attributes and information.
Animal
Health Directorates together with DoNPWC and wild-bird
expert reviews type of information and format before
finalization.
|
1.2
Strengthening animal quarantine
|
a.
renovation and refurbishing of existing physical infrastructure
facilities |
minor
impacts such as noise, dust, sanitation, etc due to
limited construction activities |
Follow
standard construction practices as prescribed in the
Public Works Directives. |
Construction
Supervision team ensures compliance with the Public
Works Directives by the contractor. |
b. Transportation/ communication facilities, and host
of equipments such as chilling and fumigating equipments,
sprayers, etc |
No
potential adverse impacts.
(see 1.4b for potential impacts from use of chemicals)
|
(see 1.4b for mitigation of potential impacts from use
of chemicals) t.
|
Project
Coordination Unit to plan and purchase and made available
equipments in time.
Animal
Health Directorate to check procurement plan and availability
of communication facility and equipmen |
1.3
Strengthening laboratory capacity
|
This
includes refurbishing regional laboratories, upgrading
CVL to BSL 2 and establishment of one BSL 3 laboratory.
|
Pollution
and infection risk from the increased amount of wastes
generated at the laboratories. |
Follow
internationally accepted waste treatment and management
practices (regional laboratories must have at least
two properly designed pits for disposing biodegradable
and non-biodegradable wastes separately; CVL upgraded
to BSL 2 must have acceptable treatment system/plant,
and need for treatment plant for BSL 3 should be assessed
depending on the type of plant, as some have inbuilt
system) Follow internationally accepted waste treatment
and management practices (regional laboratories must
have at least two properly designed pits for disposing
biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes separately;
CVL upgraded to BSL 2 must have acceptable treatment
system/plant, and need for treatment plant for BSL 3
should be assessed depending on the type of plant, as
some have inbuilt system) Laboratory authority to ensure
appropriate waste management facilities and practices.
|
Laboratory
authority to ensure appropriate waste management facilities
and practices.
Project
coordination unit checks and ensures that waste management
plan is included in the upgrading and refurbishing plan
of the laboratories, prior to approving the plan.
Animal
Health Directorate and Regional Directorate monitor
waste management practices in the laboratories of their
respective jurisdictions.
|
1.4
Strengthening veterinary services and Avian Influenza
Control and Containment Plan
|
a.
Strengthening Veterinary services and control and containment
plan
|
-
formation of Rapid Response Teams (RRTs)
-Training and equipping RRTs on HPAI Control and outbreak
Containment Operation.
|
No
adverse impacts. Training can enhance RRTs environmental
management capacity during control and containment operations. |
Training
should also include key environmental issues and appropriate
ways to manage the environmental impacts/ concerns |
Directorate
of Livestock Services and Communication ensure inclusion
of environmental safeguards in training course.
Animal
Health Directorate checks the course before training
is organized and visits random samples of training events.
|
-
stocking of chemicals |
Chemical
intoxication and burns, accidents. |
Follow
standard stocking practice. Environmental Protection
Rule requires environmental study for storage, use and
disposal of defined/ notified toxic substances in quantity
exceeding 100 kg. |
Project
Coordination Unit ensures compliance with EPR and other
legal requirements.
Animal
Health Directorate checks code of conduct for storage
of chemicals and status of stored chemicals (annually).
|
b.
HPAI Control and Outbreak Containment Operation
|
Collection
and disposal of infected dead birds
Culling
of birds
|
Risk
of spreading the virus and exposure of personnel.
Risk
of intoxication when using chemical for culling
Stress,
heat and fatigue from working in PPE
Distress
to residents, farmers and owners (particularly children)
observing on-site culling of their birds
|
Fallow
procedure prescribed by the Bird Flu (Highly pathogenic
Avian Influenza) Investigation, Prevention and Control
Guidelines / Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for
destruction and disposal of affected poultry and disinfection
of HPAI infected places
Use
of personnel protective equipment (PPE), and use only
the safe/ prescribed chemical in prescribed amount only
by trained person.
Workers
must have rest breaks
Public
education/ awareness and warning through communication
campaign.
Provide
compensation for loss of the birds and counseling for
distressed people. Prohibit children observing culling.
|
DLSO
and Action Team follow the standard procedures.
DOLS
and Animal Health Directorate checks availability of
PPE and other necessary items (six monthly)
DOLS
and Animal Health Directorate check that technicians
and workers are adequately trained and prepared for
quick mobilization (annually).
DOLS
and Animal health Directorate check plan and activities
related to awareness and communication campaign as well
as counseling. |
Transportation
of infective materials and dead birds l |
Risk
of spreading the virus and exposure of personne |
Collection
and transport in closed container that do not leak or
release air emission
Only
use trained and certified personnel that have access
to and use the recommended protective gear.
Only
use personnel that have been vaccinated.
|
DLSO
and Action Team follow the standard procedures.
DOLS
and Animal Health Directorate check that technicians
and workers are adequately trained and prepared for
quick mobilization (annually).
Regional
Directorate checks/ monitors / verifies availability
of containers and protective gear ( six-monthly). Randomly
checks proper use of these. District Health Office monitors
health status/ record of the personnel involved. (during
outbreaks).
|
Disposal
of culled birds carcasses (pit-burial, or burning: SOP
recommends burial as preferred option in Nepal condition).
|
Risk
of spreading virus, pollution of groundwater as well
as surface water, and odour and air pollution
Scavenging
animals digging up the burial site.
|
Chose
proper disposal method and site considering environmental
factors as prescribed in SOP/ the Bird Flu (Highly pathogenic
Avian Influenza) Investigation, Prevention and Control
Guidelines as well as provision the Animal Health and
Livestock Services Regulation 2056 |
DLSO
and Rapid Response Team to check proper site.
DOLS
and Animal Health Directorate checks availability of
PPE and other necessary items (six monthly) and appropriateness
of burial pit design and closure plan.
|
|
Volume
expansion and expulsion of carcasses from the pit due
to gas produced by decomposition. |
Chose
proper disposal method and site considering environmental
factors as prescribed in SOP/ the Bird Flu (Highly pathogenic
Avian Influenza) Investigation, Prevention and Control
Guidelines as well as provision the Animal Health and
Livestock Services Regulation 2056 (2000).
Design
of the burial pit should ensure protection against digging
by scavenging animals.
Closure
of the pit ensuring no-expulsion of carcasses from the
pit (e.g. by sufficient cover material on top, gas vent-pipe)
|
During
outbreaks, Regional Directorate checks/ monitors / verifies
randomly the use of standard procedures. |
Disposal
of infected materials including farm waste (manure,
eggs, feathers) and contaminated equipment, disposable
PPE etc. |
Risk
of virus spreading and/ or human exposure
- during movement and transport of manure
- when handling contaminated eggs, hatchery waste and
/ or equipment
Risk
of water pollution (surface and ground)
Bad
aesthetic, public nuisance and air pollution/ odour.
|
Use
the standard procedures prescribed in the Bird Flu (Highly
pathogenic Avian Influenza) Investigation, Prevention
and Control Guidelines (or in the SOP for the destruction
and disposal of affected poultry and disinfection of
HPAI infected places) as well as provision of the Animal
Health and Livestock Services Regulation 2056 (2000). |
DLSO
and Rapid Response Team to check proper site.
DOLS
and Animal Health Directorate checks availability of
PPE and other necessary items (six monthly) and appropriateness
of burial pit design and closure plan.
During
outbreaks, Regional Directorate checks/ monitors / verifies
randomly the use of standard procedures.
|
Disinfection
of infected premises (or decontamination) |
Risk
of virus dissemination
Risk of water pollution (surface and groundwater)
Risk of intoxication and chemical burns when using chemicals.
|
Use
the standard procedures prescribed in the Bird Flu (Highly
pathogenic Avian Influenza) Investigation, Prevention
and Control Guidelines (or in the SOP for the destruction
and disposal of affected poultry and disinfection of
HPAI infected places) as well as provision of Schedule
-1 of the Animal Health and Livestock Services Regulation
2056 (2000) . |
DLSO
and Action Team follow prescribed standard procedure.
Animal
Health Directorate checks availability/ stocking of
disinfectants (six monthly)
Regional Directorate checks/ monitors / verifies disinfection
practices and procedures in random samples (during outbreaks).
|
1.5
Communication
|
Advocacy,
social mobilization and behavioral change communication |
No
adverse environmental impacts. This can play positive
role in promoting improved environmental management.
|
Sensitize
stakeholders for environmental good practices, safeguard
requirements and disseminate management guidelines.
|
Directorate
of Livestock Services and Communication ensure inclusion
of environmental aspects in the communication campaign.
Animal
Health Directorate checks the campaign strategy and
plan before campaign starts.
|
| 1.6
Compensation fund
|
Compensation
to birds stamped out during containment and control
campaign |
No
adverse environmental impact.
If
infected birds are transported by farmers to certain
point for compensation, there is risk of spreading of
virus and human exposure.
|
Educate
/ awareness and communication campaign. |
Directorate
of Livestock Services and Communication ensure inclusion
of this aspect in the communication campaign.
Animal
Health Directorate checks the campaign strategy and
plan before campaign starts.
|